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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(4): 673-678, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951612

ABSTRACT

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with black tea or white tea and protective of citotoxic effect. The present study shows that white and black teas have additive effects with amphotericin B against some species Candida. In addition, the combination of white and black tea with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that white and black tea is a potential agent to combine with amphotericin for antifungal efficacy and to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects.


Resumo A anfotericina B é o tratamento de escolha para a maioria das infecções fúngicas sistémicas que afetam os doentes imunocomprometidos. No entanto, efeitos secundários graves têm limitado a utilidade desta droga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antifúngico da combinação de anfotericina B com chá preto ou chá branco, bem como o efeito citotóxico desta combinação sobre hemáceas. O presente estudo demonstra que o chá branco e preto de Camellia sinensis têm efeitos aditivos com anfotericina B contra algumas espécies de Candida sp. Além disso, a combinação de chá branco e preto com anfotericina B pode reduzir a toxicidade da anfotericina B em hemáceas. Nossos resultados sugerem que o chá branco e preto são agentes potenciais para associação com anfotericina B contribuindo para eficácia antifúngica, bem como redução de toxicidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida/drug effects , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Camellia sinensis/adverse effects , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Amphotericin B/adverse effects , Hemolysis/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/adverse effects
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(4): 1029-1034, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828088

ABSTRACT

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting as cryptococcosis the immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with quercetin or rutin and as a protective of citotoxic effect. The antifungal activity to amphotericin B, quercetin and rutin alone and in combination was determined in Candida sp and Cryptococcus neoformans strains. Cytotoxicity test on erythrocytes was performed by spectrophotometric absorbance of hemoglobin. The amphotericin B MIC was reduced when used in combination with quercetin or rutin to C. neoformans ATCC strain and reduced when combined with rutin to a clinical isolate of C. neoformans. In addition, the combination of quercetin with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that quercetin and rutin are potential agents to combine with amphotericin B in order to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects and improve antifungal efficacy.


Resumo A anfotericina B é uma substância fungicida e é o tratamento de escolha para a maioria das infecções fúngicas sistêmicas que afetam os pacientes imunocomprometidos, como a criptococose. No entanto, as severas reações adversas têm limitado a utilização desta droga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antifúngico e o potencial efeito protetor de citotoxicidade da combinação de anfotericina B com quercetina ou rutina. A atividade antifúngica de anfotericina B, quercetina e rutina, isoladamente e em combinação foi determinada em cepas de Candida sp e Cryptococcus neoformans. O teste de citotoxicidade em eritrócitos foi realizado por espectrofotometria, através da determinação da absorbância da hemoglobina. A concentração inibitória mínima da anfotericina B foi reduzida quando utilizada em combinação com a quercetina e rutina em C. neoformans ATCC e reduzida quando combinados com rutina em um isolado clínico de C. neoformans. Além disso, a combinação de quercetina com anfotericina B pode reduzir a toxicidade da droga em eritrócitos. Os resultados sugerem que quercetina e rutina são potenciais agentes para combinação com anfotericina B, a fim de reduzir a dose de anfotericina, diminuindo os efeitos colaterais e melhorando sua eficácia antifúngica.


Subject(s)
Quercetin/pharmacology , Rutin/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/growth & development , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Cryptococcus neoformans/growth & development
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(2): 428-434, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781392

ABSTRACT

Abstract The antioxidant and anticandidal activities of leaves obtained from Camellia sinensis by non-fermentation (green and white teas), semi-fermentation (red tea) and fermentation method (black tea) were investigated. It was evaluated the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau assay; antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radicals, hypochlorous acid and superoxide anion scavenger assays, induced hemolysis, lipid peroxidation by conjugated diene formation and myeloperoxidase activity. Anticandidal activity was performed on three strains of Candida spp. The results showed that non-fermented teas have a higher concentration of phenolic compounds, and then presented the best inhibitory activity of AAPH-induced hemolysis, the best inhibition of conjugated diene formation and more pronounced antioxidant activity in all tests. The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from fermented tea, followed by non-fermented tea. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity demonstrated has no direct relation with the anticandidal activity.


Resumo A atividade antioxidante e antifúngica das folhas obtidas da Camellia sinensis pelos métodos de não-fermentação (chás verde e branco), semi-fermentação (chá vermelho) e fermentação (chá preto) foram investigadas. Foi avaliado o conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau; a capacidade antioxidante foi avaliada in vitro usando os radicais artificiais DPPH e ABTS, o ácido hipocloroso, ensaios do ânion superóxido, hemólise induzida, peroxidação lipídica por formação de dienos conjugados e atividade da Mieloperoxidase. A atividade antifúngica foi obtida sobre três cepas de Candida spp. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os chás não fermentados apresentam a maior concentração de compostos fenólicos e também, apresentam a melhor atividade inibitória, sobre hemólise induzida por APPH, sobre a formação de dienos conjugados e a mais pronunciada atividade antioxidante sobre todos os testes. A maior atividade antifúngica foi obtida pelo chá fermentado, seguido pelo semi-fermentado e não-fermentados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a atividade antioxidante observada não apresenta relação com a atividade antifúngica.


Subject(s)
Plant Leaves/chemistry , Camellia sinensis/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Oxidation-Reduction , Phenols/analysis , Tea/chemistry , Plant Extracts , Lipid Peroxidation , Peroxidase/metabolism , Fermentation , Hemolysis , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis
4.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 35(2): 211-215, jun. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-757771

ABSTRACT

A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é caracterizada por distúrbios que podem comprometer a nutrição do paciente e causar perda de peso e deficiências nutricionais durante a doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de pacientes brasileiros com doença de Alzheimer em diferentes estágios da doença. A amostra foi composta por 30 indivíduos, com idade média de 77 anos, de ambos os sexos, com provável DA. Os indivíduos foram avaliados através de dados antropométricos, Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN), albumina sérica, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, e recordatório de 24 horas. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma diminuição no peso médio entre os estágios da doença (CDR1: 70,8±15,9 kg; CDR2: 61,4±15,7 kg; CDR3: 56,1± 8,4kg) conforme a progressão da doença, a diferença não foi significativa. Os parâmetros MAN e albumina sérica mostraram uma diminuição entre os estágios da doença (p = 0,042,p = 0,047, respectivamente), sendo que no estágio grave metade dos pacientes estava desnutrida e a outra metade em risco de desnutrição. De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 23,3% dos pacientes estavam com sobrepeso. O valor nutricional da ingestão alimentar foi similar nos estágios de DA. Em conclusão, a maioria dos pacientes brasileiros com DA neste estudo apresentaram desnutrição, apesar de o consumo alimentar ter sido similar entre os estágios da doença, uma vez que não apresentou associação direta com a progressão da DA...


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disorders that can impair the nutrition of the patient and lead to weight loss and nutritional deficits during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and food intake of Brazilian patients with Alzheimer's disease at 3 different stages of the disease. The sample consisted of 30 subjects of both genders, mean age 77 years, with probable AD. Subjects were assessed by collecting anthropometric data, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), serum albumin content, Mini Mental State Examination and 24-hour records of food and drink. Although a steady decrease in average weight was observed as the disease progressed (CDR1: 70.8±15.9 kg; CDR2: 61.4±15.7 kg; CDR3: 56.1± 8.4 kg), the differences were not significant. MNA and serum albumin both fell during the progression of the disease (p = 0.042; p = 0.047, respectively) and, at the severe stage, half the patients were found to be undernourished and the other half at risk of undernutrition. According to their body mass index, 23.3% of patients were overweight. The nutritional value of the food consumed was similar across the stages of AD. In conclusion, the majority of Brazilian patients with AD in this study exhibited cognitive decline and malnutrition. However, food intake was similar among the stages of the disease, thus having no direct association with the progression of AD...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diet , Alzheimer Disease/etiology , Nutritional Status , Body Weight
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 38(4): 543-551, Apr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-398180

ABSTRACT

The release of reactive oxygen specie (ROS) by activated neutrophil is involved in both the antimicrobial and deleterious effects in chronic inflammation. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of therapeutic plasma concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the production of ROS by stimulated rat neutrophils. Diclofenac (3.6 µM), indomethacin (12 µM), naproxen (160 µM), piroxicam (13 µM), and tenoxicam (30 µM) were incubated at 37°C in PBS (10 mM), pH 7.4, for 30 min with rat neutrophils (1 x 10(6) cells/ml) stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nM). The ROS production was measured by luminol and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Except for naproxen, NSAIDs reduced ROS production: 58 ± 2 percent diclofenac, 90 ± 2 percent indomethacin, 33 ± 3 percent piroxicam, and 45 ± 6 percent tenoxicam (N = 6). For the lucigenin assay, naproxen, piroxicam and tenoxicam were ineffective. For indomethacin the inhibition was 52 ± 5 percent and diclofenac showed amplification in the light emission of 181 ± 60 percent (N = 6). Using the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/luminol system, the effects of NSAIDs on MPO activity were also screened. We found that NSAIDs inhibited both the peroxidation and chlorinating activity of MPO as follows: diclofenac (36 ± 10, 45 ± 3 percent), indomethacin (97 ± 2, 100 ± 1 percent), naproxen (56 ± 8, 76 ± 3 percent), piroxicam (77 ± 5, 99 ± 1 percent), and tenoxicam (90 ± 2, 100 ± 1 percent), respectively (N = 3). These results show that therapeutic levels of NSAIDs are able to suppress the oxygen-dependent antimicrobial or oxidative functions of neutrophils by inhibiting the generation of hypochlorous acid.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Neutrophils/drug effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/blood , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Luminescent Measurements , Neutrophil Activation , Neutrophils/metabolism , Peroxidase/drug effects
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